The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ~150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity or exercises per week to reduce the risk of death from any cause, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, site-specific cancers, type-2 diabetes, prevention of accidental falls, decreased mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms), cognitive health, and measures of adiposity ( 7). Thus, the main issues of elderly include cardiovascular diseases, falls, and mental health. Mental health and physical health are equally for elderly, which influence greatly an overall feeling of well-being ( 8). Furthermore, some studies have shown that the worse the physical health, the lower the mental health score ( 9, 10). The risk of death or serious injury is greatest for older adults. Moreover, falls are the second greatest cause of unintentional injury deaths. Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, or 17.9 million people annually ( 8). According to the WHO, more than 80% of the elderly suffer from at least one NCDs ( 7). Not only does it improve general health and improve QoL, but it also plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases ( 5).Īge is a significant risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, cognitive decline, dementia, and cancer ( 6), all of which have high associated diagnostic, treatment, and care costs. Walking is a low-cost, low-impact form of exercise. Physical exercise has been shown to improve the overall health and quality of life (QoL) of the elderly by enhancing their physical and mental health ( 2– 4). As a result of the global aging trend, many countries have increased their focus on the health of the elder population ( 1).
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